TY - JOUR
T1 - Clinical Activity and Safety of Cabozantinib for Brain Metastases in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma
AU - Hirsch, Laure
AU - Martinez Chanza, Nieves
AU - Farah, Subrina
AU - Xie, Wanling
AU - Flippot, Ronan
AU - Braun, David A.
AU - Rathi, Nityam
AU - Thouvenin, Jonathan
AU - Collier, Katharine A.
AU - Seront, Emmanuel
AU - De Velasco, Guillermo
AU - Dzimitrowicz, Hannah
AU - Beuselinck, Benoit
AU - Xu, Wenxin
AU - Bowman, I. Alex
AU - Lam, Elaine T.
AU - Abuqayas, Bashar
AU - Bilen, Mehmet Asim
AU - Varkaris, Andreas
AU - Zakharia, Yousef
AU - Harrison, Michael R.
AU - Mortazavi, Amir
AU - Barthélémy, Philippe
AU - Agarwal, Neeraj
AU - McKay, Rana R.
AU - Brastianos, Priscilla K.
AU - Krajewski, Katherine M.
AU - Albigès, Laurence
AU - Harshman, Lauren C.
AU - Choueiri, Toni K.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/12/1
Y1 - 2021/12/1
N2 - Importance: Patients with brain metastases from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have been underrepresented in clinical trials, and effective systemic therapy is lacking. Cabozantinib shows robust clinical activity in metastatic RCC, but its effect on brain metastases remains unclear. Objective: To assess the clinical activity and toxic effects of cabozantinib to treat brain metastases in patients with metastatic RCC. Design, Setting, and Participants: This retrospective cohort study included patients with metastatic RCC and brain metastases treated in 15 international institutions (US, Belgium, France, and Spain) between January 2014 and October 2020. Cohort A comprised patients with progressing brain metastases without concomitant brain-directed local therapy, and cohort B comprised patients with stable or progressing brain metastases concomitantly treated by brain-directed local therapy. Exposures: Receipt of cabozantinib monotherapy at any line of treatment. Main Outcomes and Measures: Intracranial radiological response rate by modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1, and toxic effects of cabozantinib. Results: Of the 88 patients with brain metastases from RCC included in the study, 33 (38%) were in cohort A and 55 (62%) were in cohort B; the majority of patients were men (n = 69; 78%), and the median age at cabozantinib initiation was 61 years (range, 34-81 years). Median follow-up was 17 months (range, 2-74 months). The intracranial response rate was 55% (95% CI, 36%-73%) and 47% (95% CI, 33%-61%) in cohorts A and B, respectively. In cohort A, the extracranial response rate was 48% (95% CI, 31%-66%), median time to treatment failure was 8.9 months (95% CI, 5.9-12.3 months), and median overall survival was 15 months (95% CI, 9.0-30.0 months). In cohort B, the extracranial response rate was 38% (95% CI, 25%-52%), time to treatment failure was 9.7 months (95% CI, 6.0-13.2 months), and median overall survival was 16 months (95% CI, 12.0-21.9 months). Cabozantinib was well tolerated, with no unexpected toxic effects or neurological adverse events reported. No treatment-related deaths were observed. Conclusions and Relevance: In this cohort study, cabozantinib showed considerable intracranial activity and an acceptable safety profile in patients with RCC and brain metastases. Support of prospective studies evaluating the efficacy of cabozantinib for brain metastases in patients with RCC is critical.
AB - Importance: Patients with brain metastases from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have been underrepresented in clinical trials, and effective systemic therapy is lacking. Cabozantinib shows robust clinical activity in metastatic RCC, but its effect on brain metastases remains unclear. Objective: To assess the clinical activity and toxic effects of cabozantinib to treat brain metastases in patients with metastatic RCC. Design, Setting, and Participants: This retrospective cohort study included patients with metastatic RCC and brain metastases treated in 15 international institutions (US, Belgium, France, and Spain) between January 2014 and October 2020. Cohort A comprised patients with progressing brain metastases without concomitant brain-directed local therapy, and cohort B comprised patients with stable or progressing brain metastases concomitantly treated by brain-directed local therapy. Exposures: Receipt of cabozantinib monotherapy at any line of treatment. Main Outcomes and Measures: Intracranial radiological response rate by modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1, and toxic effects of cabozantinib. Results: Of the 88 patients with brain metastases from RCC included in the study, 33 (38%) were in cohort A and 55 (62%) were in cohort B; the majority of patients were men (n = 69; 78%), and the median age at cabozantinib initiation was 61 years (range, 34-81 years). Median follow-up was 17 months (range, 2-74 months). The intracranial response rate was 55% (95% CI, 36%-73%) and 47% (95% CI, 33%-61%) in cohorts A and B, respectively. In cohort A, the extracranial response rate was 48% (95% CI, 31%-66%), median time to treatment failure was 8.9 months (95% CI, 5.9-12.3 months), and median overall survival was 15 months (95% CI, 9.0-30.0 months). In cohort B, the extracranial response rate was 38% (95% CI, 25%-52%), time to treatment failure was 9.7 months (95% CI, 6.0-13.2 months), and median overall survival was 16 months (95% CI, 12.0-21.9 months). Cabozantinib was well tolerated, with no unexpected toxic effects or neurological adverse events reported. No treatment-related deaths were observed. Conclusions and Relevance: In this cohort study, cabozantinib showed considerable intracranial activity and an acceptable safety profile in patients with RCC and brain metastases. Support of prospective studies evaluating the efficacy of cabozantinib for brain metastases in patients with RCC is critical.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85117842360&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1001/jamaoncol.2021.4544
DO - 10.1001/jamaoncol.2021.4544
M3 - Article
C2 - 34673916
AN - SCOPUS:85117842360
SN - 2374-2437
VL - 7
SP - 1815
EP - 1823
JO - JAMA Oncology
JF - JAMA Oncology
IS - 12
ER -