Genomic complexity in pediatric synovial sarcomas (Synobio study): the European pediatric soft tissue sarcoma group (EpSSG) experience

A genomic index (GI) tool using array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) on tumor cells has emerged as independent prognostic factor associated with the risk of metastatic relapse in synovial sarcoma (SS). The aim was to assess GI in pediatric patients with SS, to determine its value as a prognostic factor. All pediatric/adolescent/young adults’ (<25 years) with localized SS prospectively included in the European EpSSG-NRSTS05 protocol with a contributive aCGH were selected. Definition of GI was A ² /C, where A is the total number of alterations (segmental gains and losses) and C is the number of involved chromosomes on aCGH results. GI ₁ group corresponds to cases with no copy number alterations (flat profile, GI = 0) and GI ₂ group cases with at least one or more copy number alterations (rearranged profile; GI ≥ 1). Samples were available from 61 patients. The median age of the cohort was 13 years (range: 4–24). Overall, 55.7% were GI ₁ group, and 44.3% GI ₂ . After a median follow-up of 62 months (range: 0.1–112), 10 tumor events occurred and five patients died. Respectively, for GI ₁ versus GI ₂ groups, five-year event-free survival (EFS) was 93.8 ± 4.2% versus 64.9 ± 10.1% (P < 0.006) and five-year Metastatic-Free Survival (MFS) 93.8 ± 4.2% versus 72.9 ± 9.5% (P < 0.04). In multivariate analysis, GI status as adjusted for IRS group, patient age, site, and tumor size remain independent prognostic for EFS with a relative risk (RR) of 6.4 [1.3–31.9] (P < 0.01) and RR for MFS is 4.8 [0.9–25.7] (P < 0.05). Genomic complexity evaluated through GI may explain the metastatic behavior of pediatric SS.