Les exosomes en pratique clinique: exemple du cancer bronchique

Exosomes are nanovesicles released by a large number of cells in their physiological and pathological states. They have a specific composition and are formed from cytosolic proteins and nucleic acids surrounded by a complex lipid membrane. They play a significant role in intercellular exchanges and the regulation of immune responses. In tumour development, they are involved in angiogenesis, cell proliferation, the spread of metastases and in the regulation of cells responsible for anti-tumour immunity. They can be found within tumour cells and in the microenvironment cells, where they enable the metastatic niche to be created. In clinical practice with bronchial carcinoma, the use of exosomes has been developed not only as a diagnostic tool with “fluid biopsies” but also as a means of treatment, in particular reactivating the anti-tumour immune system.