Toxicité gastro-intestinale induite par les inhibiteurs de checkpoint immunitaire de type anticorps anti-CTLA-4 et anti-PD-1/PD-L1

Immunotherapy targeting and blocking immune checkpoint, such as anti-CTLA- 4 (ipilimumab), anti-PD-1 (nivolumab, pembrolizumab) and anti-PD-L-1 (avelumab, atezolizumab) monoclonal mAbs are new immunotherapies in the treatment of patients with cancer. Nevertheless, these drugs can induce immune-related adverse events similar to auto-immune and inflammatory diseases. Enterocolitis is a frequent toxicity induced by these treatments. This adverse event may be severe, and may require immunosuppressive therapy as well as discontinuation of immunotherapy. Currently, the number of patients receiving these molecules is increasing and therapeutic combinations are in development. Gastroenterologists will be increasingly faced with the diagnosis and treatment of this type of enterocolitis. The purpose of this review is to help to recognize and manage enterocolitis induced by immune checkpoint blockers and to discuss current research issues in this field.