Decitabine Versus Hydroxyurea for Advanced Proliferative Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia: Results of a Randomized Phase III Trial Within the EMSCO Network

Raphael Itzykson, Valeria Santini, Sylvain Thepot, Lionel Ades, Cendrine Chaffaut, Aristoteles Giagounidis, Margot Morabito, Nathalie Droin, Michael Lübbert, Rosa Sapena, Stanislas Nimubona, Jean Goasguen, Eric Wattel, Gina Zini, Jose Miguel Torregrosa Diaz, Ulrich Germing, Anna Maria Pelizzari, Sophie Park, Nadja Jaekel, Georgia MetzgerothFrancesco Onida, Robert Navarro, Andrea Patriarca, Aspasia Stamatoullas, Katharina Götze, Martin Puttrich, Sandra Mossuto, Eric Solary, Silke Gloaguen, Sylvie Chevret, Fatiha Chermat, Uwe Platzbecker, Pierre Fenaux

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    Résumé

    PURPOSEHydroxyurea (HY) is a reference treatment of advanced myeloproliferative neoplasms. We conducted a randomized phase III trial comparing decitabine (DAC) and HY in advanced myeloproliferative chronic myelomonocytic leukemias (CMML).PATIENTS AND METHODSNewly diagnosed myeloproliferative CMML patients with advanced disease were randomly assigned 1:1 to intravenous DAC (20 mg/m2/d days 1-5) or HY (1-4 g/d) in 28-day cycles. The primary end point was event-free survival (EFS), events being death and acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AML) transformation or progression.RESULTSOne-hundred seventy patients received DAC (n = 84) or HY (n = 86). Median age was 72 and 74 years, and median WBC count 32.5 Ã - 109/L and 31.2 Ã - 109/L in the DAC and HY arms, respectively. Thirty-three percent of DAC and 31% of HY patients had CMML-2. Patients received a median of five DAC and six HY cycles. With a median follow-up of 17.5 months, median EFS was 12.1 months in the DAC arm and 10.3 months in the HY arm (hazard ratio [HR], 0.83; 95% CI, 0.59 to 1.16; P =.27). There was no significant interaction between treatment effect and blast or platelet count, anemia, CMML Prognostic Scoring System, Groupe Francophone des Myelodysplasies, or CMML Prognostic Scoring Systemâ € "mol risk. Fifty-three (63%) DAC patients achieved a response compared with 30 (35%) HY patients (P =.0004). Median duration of response was similar in both arms (DAC, 16.3 months; HY, 17.4 months; P =.90). Median overall survival was 18.4 months in the DAC arm and 21.9 months in the HY arm (P =.67). Compared with HY, DAC significantly reduced the risk of CMML progression or transformation to acute myelomonocytic leukemia (cause-specific HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.94; P =.005) at the expense of death without progression or transformation (cause-specific HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 0.82 to 2.9; P =.04).CONCLUSIONCompared with HY, frontline treatment with DAC did not improve EFS in patients with advanced myeloproliferative CMML (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02214407).

    langue originaleAnglais
    Pages (de - à)1888-1897
    Nombre de pages10
    journalJournal of Clinical Oncology
    Volume41
    Numéro de publication10
    Les DOIs
    étatPublié - 1 avr. 2023

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