TY - JOUR
T1 - Frequency and intensity of pain related to thyroid nodule fine-needle aspiration cytology
AU - Leboulleux, Sophie
AU - Borget, Isabelle
AU - Labro, Stéphanie
AU - Bidault, Sophie
AU - Vielh, Philippe
AU - Hartl, Dana
AU - Dauchy, Sarah
AU - Chougnet, Cécile N.
AU - Girard, Elizabeth
AU - Azoulay, Sandy
AU - Mirghani, Haitham
AU - Berdelou, Amandine
AU - Lumbroso, Jean
AU - Deandreis, Désirée
AU - Baudin, Eric
AU - Schlumberger, Martin
AU - Laurent, Sophie
PY - 2013/9/1
Y1 - 2013/9/1
N2 - Background: Quality of life is an important issue in endocrine tumors because of the high prevalence of benign tumors and the indolent course of most malignant tumors. Objective: To evaluate the frequency and the intensity of pain and anxiety in patients undergoing thyroid nodule fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and to identify factors associated with pain. Methods: Single center prospective study in the setting of a one-stop outpatient diagnostic clinic for thyroid nodules. Pain was evaluated using a 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS) immediately following (VAS1) and 30 minutes after (VAS2) FNAC and was considered significant if ≥30. Anxiety symptoms were assessed prior to FNAC using a self-report measure questionnaire: the state form of Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI, form Y-A). FNAC was performed with a 25-gauge needle and a moderate aspiration and two passes for each nodule. Results: Two hundred eighteen consecutive patients (163 females, 55 males; mean age 53 years, range 12-84 years) undergoing FNAC of one to three nodules were included. VAS1 was ≥30 in 24% of the patients and VAS2 was ≥30 in 13% of the patients. Independent significant factors correlated to a VAS1 of ≥30 were age under 25 years and the number of nodules being biopsied. Independent significant factors correlated to a VAS2 of ≥30 were VAS1 ≥30 and female sex. No correlation was found between pain and nodule size or nodule depth, nor the duration of application of the eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) patch prior to FNAC. The mean STAI score for anxiety was 37±12. The average STAI score was significantly higher in women (39) than in men (33; p=0.01). There was no significant correlation between STAI score and age under 25 years, previous FNAC, number of nodules biopsied, or acetaminophen administration, but the STAI score was significantly correlated to VAS 1 and VAS2. Conclusions: FNAC-related pain is frequent and correlates with the number of nodules biopsied, age under 25 years, female sex, and anxiety.
AB - Background: Quality of life is an important issue in endocrine tumors because of the high prevalence of benign tumors and the indolent course of most malignant tumors. Objective: To evaluate the frequency and the intensity of pain and anxiety in patients undergoing thyroid nodule fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and to identify factors associated with pain. Methods: Single center prospective study in the setting of a one-stop outpatient diagnostic clinic for thyroid nodules. Pain was evaluated using a 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS) immediately following (VAS1) and 30 minutes after (VAS2) FNAC and was considered significant if ≥30. Anxiety symptoms were assessed prior to FNAC using a self-report measure questionnaire: the state form of Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI, form Y-A). FNAC was performed with a 25-gauge needle and a moderate aspiration and two passes for each nodule. Results: Two hundred eighteen consecutive patients (163 females, 55 males; mean age 53 years, range 12-84 years) undergoing FNAC of one to three nodules were included. VAS1 was ≥30 in 24% of the patients and VAS2 was ≥30 in 13% of the patients. Independent significant factors correlated to a VAS1 of ≥30 were age under 25 years and the number of nodules being biopsied. Independent significant factors correlated to a VAS2 of ≥30 were VAS1 ≥30 and female sex. No correlation was found between pain and nodule size or nodule depth, nor the duration of application of the eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) patch prior to FNAC. The mean STAI score for anxiety was 37±12. The average STAI score was significantly higher in women (39) than in men (33; p=0.01). There was no significant correlation between STAI score and age under 25 years, previous FNAC, number of nodules biopsied, or acetaminophen administration, but the STAI score was significantly correlated to VAS 1 and VAS2. Conclusions: FNAC-related pain is frequent and correlates with the number of nodules biopsied, age under 25 years, female sex, and anxiety.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84884131976&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1089/thy.2012.0461
DO - 10.1089/thy.2012.0461
M3 - Article
C2 - 23384309
AN - SCOPUS:84884131976
SN - 1050-7256
VL - 23
SP - 1113
EP - 1118
JO - Thyroid
JF - Thyroid
IS - 9
ER -