TY - JOUR
T1 - Imaging-guided precision medicine in glioblastoma patients treated with immune checkpoint modulators
T2 - research trend and future directions in the field of imaging biomarkers and artificial intelligence
AU - Sinigaglia, Mathieu
AU - Assi, Tarek
AU - Besson, Florent L.
AU - Ammari, Samy
AU - Edjlali, Myriam
AU - Feltus, Whitney
AU - Rozenblum-Beddok, Laura
AU - Zhao, Binsheng
AU - Schwartz, Lawrence H.
AU - Mokrane, Fatima Zohra
AU - Dercle, Laurent
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019, The Author(s).
PY - 2019/12/1
Y1 - 2019/12/1
N2 - Immunotherapies that employ immune checkpoint modulators (ICMs) have emerged as an effective treatment for a variety of solid cancers, as well as a paradigm shift in the treatment of cancers. Despite this breakthrough, the median survival time of glioblastoma patients has remained at about 2 years. Therefore, the safety and anti-cancer efficacy of combination therapies that include ICMs are being actively investigated. Because of the distinct mechanisms of ICMs, which restore the immune system’s anti-tumor capacity, unconventional immune-related phenomena are increasingly being reported in terms of tumor response and progression, as well as adverse events. Indeed, immunotherapy response assessments for neuro-oncology (iRANO) play a central role in guiding cancer patient management and define a “wait and see strategy” for patients treated with ICMs in monotherapy with progressive disease on MRI. This article deciphers emerging research trends to ameliorate four challenges unaddressed by the iRANO criteria: (1) patient selection, (2) identification of immune-related phenomena other than pseudoprogression (i.e., hyperprogression, the abscopal effect, immune-related adverse events), (3) response assessment in combination therapies including ICM, and (4) alternatives to MRI. To this end, our article provides a structured approach for standardized selection and reporting of imaging modalities to enable the use of precision medicine by deciphering the characteristics of the tumor and its immune environment. Emerging preclinical or clinical innovations are also discussed as future directions such as immune-specific targeting and implementation of artificial intelligence algorithms.
AB - Immunotherapies that employ immune checkpoint modulators (ICMs) have emerged as an effective treatment for a variety of solid cancers, as well as a paradigm shift in the treatment of cancers. Despite this breakthrough, the median survival time of glioblastoma patients has remained at about 2 years. Therefore, the safety and anti-cancer efficacy of combination therapies that include ICMs are being actively investigated. Because of the distinct mechanisms of ICMs, which restore the immune system’s anti-tumor capacity, unconventional immune-related phenomena are increasingly being reported in terms of tumor response and progression, as well as adverse events. Indeed, immunotherapy response assessments for neuro-oncology (iRANO) play a central role in guiding cancer patient management and define a “wait and see strategy” for patients treated with ICMs in monotherapy with progressive disease on MRI. This article deciphers emerging research trends to ameliorate four challenges unaddressed by the iRANO criteria: (1) patient selection, (2) identification of immune-related phenomena other than pseudoprogression (i.e., hyperprogression, the abscopal effect, immune-related adverse events), (3) response assessment in combination therapies including ICM, and (4) alternatives to MRI. To this end, our article provides a structured approach for standardized selection and reporting of imaging modalities to enable the use of precision medicine by deciphering the characteristics of the tumor and its immune environment. Emerging preclinical or clinical innovations are also discussed as future directions such as immune-specific targeting and implementation of artificial intelligence algorithms.
KW - Artificial Intelligence
KW - Durvalumab
KW - Gliblastoma
KW - Imaging
KW - Immunotherapy
KW - MR
KW - Nivolumab
KW - PET
KW - Pembrolizumab
KW - Pidilizumab
KW - RANO
KW - Radiomics
KW - iRANO
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85071131568&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1186/s13550-019-0542-5
DO - 10.1186/s13550-019-0542-5
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85071131568
SN - 2191-219X
VL - 9
JO - EJNMMI Research
JF - EJNMMI Research
IS - 1
M1 - 78
ER -