L'immunothérapie en oncologie

Cancer management has experienced a new paradigm with the outbreak of immunotherapy. These treatments aim to cancel the inhibition exerted by tumour cells on the immune system and thus restore an anti-tumour immune response. Main treatments of this new therapeutic class are immune checkpoint inhibitors, targeting PD-1 or PD-L1 (or CTLA-4), which indications extend to a wide variety of cancer types, localized or metastatic, in mo-notherapy or in combination (with other immunotherapy, chemotherapy or targeted therapy). However, these treatments are associated with new forms of tumor responses, such as pseudoprogressions and hyperprogressions, but also with new forms of immuno-mediated toxicities, which can take many forms, some severe. Patients treated with immunotherapy must therefore benefit from a specific clinical, biological and radiological follow-up.