TY - JOUR
T1 - Long-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide air pollution and breast cancer risk
T2 - A nested case-control within the French E3N cohort study
AU - Amadou, Amina
AU - Praud, Delphine
AU - Coudon, Thomas
AU - Deygas, Floriane
AU - Grassot, Lény
AU - Dubuis, Mathieu
AU - Faure, Elodie
AU - Couvidat, Florian
AU - Caudeville, Julien
AU - Bessagnet, Bertrand
AU - Salizzoni, Pietro
AU - Leffondré, Karen
AU - Gulliver, John
AU - Severi, Gianluca
AU - Mancini, Francesca Romana
AU - Fervers, Béatrice
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Authors
PY - 2023/1/15
Y1 - 2023/1/15
N2 - Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is an important air pollutant due to its adverse effects on human health. Yet, current evidence on the association between NO2 and the risk of breast cancer lacks consistency. In this study, we investigated the association between long-term exposure to NO2 and breast cancer risk in the French E3N cohort study. Association of breast cancer risk with NO2 exposure was assessed in a nested case-control study within the French E3N cohort including 5222 breast cancer cases identified over the 1990–2011 follow-up period and 5222 matched controls. Annual mean concentrations of NO2 at participants’ residential addresses for each year from recruitment 1990 through 2011, were estimated using a land use regression (LUR) model. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were used to compute odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Additional analyses were performed using NO2 concentrations estimated by CHIMERE, a chemistry transport model. Overall, the mean NO2 exposure was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. In all women, for each interquartile range (IQR) increase in NO2 levels (LUR: 17.8 μg/m3), the OR of the model adjusted for confounders was 1.09 (95% CI: 1.01–1.18). The corresponding OR in the fully adjusted model (additionally adjusted for established breast cancer risk factors) was 1.07 (95% CI: 0.98–1.15). By menopausal status, results for postmenopausal women were comparable to those for all women, while no association was observed among premenopausal women. By hormone receptor status, the OR of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer = 1.07 (95% CI: 0.97–1.19) in the fully adjusted model. Additional analyses using the CHIMERE model showed slight differences in ORs estimates. The results of this study indicate an increased risk of breast cancer associated with long-term exposure to NO2 air pollution. Observing comparable effects of NO2 exposure estimated by two different models, reinforces these findings.
AB - Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is an important air pollutant due to its adverse effects on human health. Yet, current evidence on the association between NO2 and the risk of breast cancer lacks consistency. In this study, we investigated the association between long-term exposure to NO2 and breast cancer risk in the French E3N cohort study. Association of breast cancer risk with NO2 exposure was assessed in a nested case-control study within the French E3N cohort including 5222 breast cancer cases identified over the 1990–2011 follow-up period and 5222 matched controls. Annual mean concentrations of NO2 at participants’ residential addresses for each year from recruitment 1990 through 2011, were estimated using a land use regression (LUR) model. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were used to compute odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Additional analyses were performed using NO2 concentrations estimated by CHIMERE, a chemistry transport model. Overall, the mean NO2 exposure was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. In all women, for each interquartile range (IQR) increase in NO2 levels (LUR: 17.8 μg/m3), the OR of the model adjusted for confounders was 1.09 (95% CI: 1.01–1.18). The corresponding OR in the fully adjusted model (additionally adjusted for established breast cancer risk factors) was 1.07 (95% CI: 0.98–1.15). By menopausal status, results for postmenopausal women were comparable to those for all women, while no association was observed among premenopausal women. By hormone receptor status, the OR of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer = 1.07 (95% CI: 0.97–1.19) in the fully adjusted model. Additional analyses using the CHIMERE model showed slight differences in ORs estimates. The results of this study indicate an increased risk of breast cancer associated with long-term exposure to NO2 air pollution. Observing comparable effects of NO2 exposure estimated by two different models, reinforces these findings.
KW - Air pollution
KW - Breast cancer
KW - Hormone receptor status
KW - Menopausal status
KW - Nitrogen dioxide
KW - Residential addresses
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85142864858&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120719
DO - 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120719
M3 - Article
C2 - 36435283
AN - SCOPUS:85142864858
SN - 0269-7491
VL - 317
JO - Environmental Pollution
JF - Environmental Pollution
M1 - 120719
ER -