TY - JOUR
T1 - Necrocide 1 mediates necrotic cell death and immunogenic response in human cancer cells
AU - Zhang, Jing
AU - Trojel-Hansen, Christina
AU - Wang, Jianghuang
AU - Zhang, Zili
AU - Wang, Xing
AU - Qiao, Yuhui
AU - Jiao, Huike
AU - Michaud, Mickaël
AU - Kepp, Oliver
AU - Jäättelä, Marja
AU - Kroemer, Guido
AU - Zhong, Qing
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023, The Author(s).
PY - 2023/4/1
Y1 - 2023/4/1
N2 - Many anticancer agents induce apoptosis, mitotic catastrophe or cellular senescence. Here, we report the functional characterization of an experimental inducer of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-independent necrosis, necrocide-1 (NC1). NC1 (but not its stereoisomer) killed a panel of human cancer cells (but not normal cells) at nanomolar concentrations and with a non-apoptotic, necrotic morphotype, both in vitro and in vivo. NC1-induced killing was not inhibited by caspase blockers, anti-apoptotic BCL2 overexpression or TNFα neutralization, suggesting that NC1 elicits a bona fide necrotic pathway. However, pharmacological or genetic inhibition of necroptosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis failed to block NC1-mediated cell death. Instead, NC1 elicited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by mitochondria, and elimination of mitochondrial DNA, quenching of mitochondrial ROS, as well as blockade of mitochondrial permeability transition with cyclosporine A, interfered with NC1-induced cell death. NC1 induced hallmarks of immunogenic cell death incurring calreticulin (CALR) exposure, ATP secretion and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) release. Taken together, these data identify a previously uncharacterized signaling cascade leading to an immunogenic variant of mitochondrion-regulated necrosis, supporting the notion that eliciting regulated necrosis may constitute a valid approach for anticancer therapy.
AB - Many anticancer agents induce apoptosis, mitotic catastrophe or cellular senescence. Here, we report the functional characterization of an experimental inducer of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-independent necrosis, necrocide-1 (NC1). NC1 (but not its stereoisomer) killed a panel of human cancer cells (but not normal cells) at nanomolar concentrations and with a non-apoptotic, necrotic morphotype, both in vitro and in vivo. NC1-induced killing was not inhibited by caspase blockers, anti-apoptotic BCL2 overexpression or TNFα neutralization, suggesting that NC1 elicits a bona fide necrotic pathway. However, pharmacological or genetic inhibition of necroptosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis failed to block NC1-mediated cell death. Instead, NC1 elicited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by mitochondria, and elimination of mitochondrial DNA, quenching of mitochondrial ROS, as well as blockade of mitochondrial permeability transition with cyclosporine A, interfered with NC1-induced cell death. NC1 induced hallmarks of immunogenic cell death incurring calreticulin (CALR) exposure, ATP secretion and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) release. Taken together, these data identify a previously uncharacterized signaling cascade leading to an immunogenic variant of mitochondrion-regulated necrosis, supporting the notion that eliciting regulated necrosis may constitute a valid approach for anticancer therapy.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85151797648&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/s41419-023-05740-0
DO - 10.1038/s41419-023-05740-0
M3 - Article
C2 - 37015922
AN - SCOPUS:85151797648
SN - 2041-4889
VL - 14
JO - Cell Death and Disease
JF - Cell Death and Disease
IS - 4
M1 - 238
ER -