TY - JOUR
T1 - Oncolytic Virotherapy
T2 - A New Paradigm in Cancer Immunotherapy
AU - Volovat, Simona Ruxandra
AU - Scripcariu, Dragos Viorel
AU - Vasilache, Ingrid Andrada
AU - Stolniceanu, Cati Raluca
AU - Volovat, Constantin
AU - Augustin, Iolanda Georgiana
AU - Volovat, Cristian Constantin
AU - Ostafe, Madalina Raluca
AU - Andreea-Voichița, Slevoacă Grigore
AU - Bejusca-Vieriu, Toni
AU - Lungulescu, Cristian Virgil
AU - Sur, Daniel
AU - Boboc, Diana
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 by the authors.
PY - 2024/1/1
Y1 - 2024/1/1
N2 - Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are emerging as potential treatment options for cancer. Natural and genetically engineered viruses exhibit various antitumor mechanisms. OVs act by direct cytolysis, the potentiation of the immune system through antigen release, and the activation of inflammatory responses or indirectly by interference with different types of elements in the tumor microenvironment, modification of energy metabolism in tumor cells, and antiangiogenic action. The action of OVs is pleiotropic, and they show varied interactions with the host and tumor cells. An important impediment in oncolytic virotherapy is the journey of the virus into the tumor cells and the possibility of its binding to different biological and nonbiological vectors. OVs have been demonstrated to eliminate cancer cells that are resistant to standard treatments in many clinical trials for various cancers (melanoma, lung, and hepatic); however, there are several elements of resistance to the action of viruses per se. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the combination of OVs with other standard treatment modalities, such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapies, and cellular therapies, to increase the response rate. This review provides a comprehensive update on OVs, their use in oncolytic virotherapy, and the future prospects of this therapy alongside the standard therapies currently used in cancer treatment.
AB - Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are emerging as potential treatment options for cancer. Natural and genetically engineered viruses exhibit various antitumor mechanisms. OVs act by direct cytolysis, the potentiation of the immune system through antigen release, and the activation of inflammatory responses or indirectly by interference with different types of elements in the tumor microenvironment, modification of energy metabolism in tumor cells, and antiangiogenic action. The action of OVs is pleiotropic, and they show varied interactions with the host and tumor cells. An important impediment in oncolytic virotherapy is the journey of the virus into the tumor cells and the possibility of its binding to different biological and nonbiological vectors. OVs have been demonstrated to eliminate cancer cells that are resistant to standard treatments in many clinical trials for various cancers (melanoma, lung, and hepatic); however, there are several elements of resistance to the action of viruses per se. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the combination of OVs with other standard treatment modalities, such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapies, and cellular therapies, to increase the response rate. This review provides a comprehensive update on OVs, their use in oncolytic virotherapy, and the future prospects of this therapy alongside the standard therapies currently used in cancer treatment.
KW - immune virotherapy
KW - nanomedicine
KW - oncolytic virotherapy
KW - viral biotechnology
KW - virus engineering
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85183236923&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/ijms25021180
DO - 10.3390/ijms25021180
M3 - Review article
C2 - 38256250
AN - SCOPUS:85183236923
SN - 1661-6596
VL - 25
JO - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
IS - 2
M1 - 1180
ER -