Reappraisal of prognostic factors used in the European Pediatric Soft Tissue Sarcoma Study Group RMS 2005 study for localized rhabdomyosarcoma to optimize risk stratification and generate a prognostic nomogram

Gian Luca De Salvo, Paola Del Bianco, Veronique Minard-Colin, Julia Chisholm, Meriel Jenney, Gabriela Guillen, Christine Devalck, Rick Van Rijn, Janet Shipley, Daniel Orbach, Anna Kelsey, Timothy Rogers, Florent Guerin, Giovanni Scarzello, Andrea Ferrari, Maja Cesen Mazic, Johannes H.M. Merks, Gianni Bisogno

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    Résumé

    Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the role of clinical factors together with FOXO1 fusion status in patients with nonmetastatic rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) to develop a predictive model for event-free survival and provide a rationale for risk stratification in future trials. Methods: The authors used data from patients enrolled in the European Pediatric Soft Tissue Sarcoma Study Group (EpSSG) RMS 2005 study (EpSSG RMS 2005; EudraCT number 2005-000217-35). The following baseline variables were considered for the multivariable model: age at diagnosis, sex, histology, primary tumor site, Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Studies group, tumor size, nodal status, and FOXO1 fusion status. Main effects and significant second-order interactions of candidate predictors were included in a multiple Cox proportional hazards regression model. A nomogram was generated for predicting 5-year event-free survival (EFS) probabilities. Results: The EFS and overall survival rates at 5 years were 70.9% (95% confidence interval, 68.6%–73.1%) and 81.0% (95% confidence interval, 78.9%–82.8%), respectively. The multivariable model retained five prognostic factors, including age at diagnosis interacting with tumor size, tumor primary site, Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Studies clinical group, and FOXO1 fusion status. Based on each patient's total score in the nomogram, patients were stratified into four groups. The 5-year EFS rates were 94.1%, 78.4%, 65.2%, and 52.1% in the low-risk, intermediate-risk, high-risk, and very-high-risk groups, respectively, and the corresponding 5-year overall survival rates were 97.2%, 91.5%, 74.3%, and 60.8%, respectively. Conclusions: The results presented here provide the rationale to modify the EpSSG stratification, with the most significant change represented by the replacement of histology with fusion status. This classification was adopted in the new international trial launched by the EpSSG.

    langue originaleAnglais
    Pages (de - à)2351-2360
    Nombre de pages10
    journalCancer
    Volume130
    Numéro de publication13
    Les DOIs
    étatPublié - 1 juil. 2024

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